Semiconductor package

ABSTRACT

A semiconductor package includes: a base chip; a first semiconductor chip disposed on the base chip; a second semiconductor chip disposed on the first semiconductor chip; a first insulating layer disposed between the base chip and the first semiconductor chip; a second insulating layer disposed between the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip; a first connection bump penetrating through the first insulating layer and connecting the base chip and the first semiconductor chip to each other; and a second connection bump penetrating through the second insulating layer and connecting the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip to each other. The base chip has a width greater than a width of each of the first and second semiconductor chips. The first insulating layer and the second insulating layer include different materials from each other.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims benefit of priorityunder 35 U.S.C. 119(a) to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0153981filed on Nov. 27, 2019 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, thedisclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor package.

2. Discussion of Related Art

Electronic devices continue to become smaller and lighter due to rapidadvances in the electronics industry and user demand. A semiconductorpackage is a casing containing one or more discrete semiconductordevices or integrated circuits. However, semiconductor packages used inthe electronic devices not only need to be miniaturized and lightened,but also need to be highly efficient and to have a higher capacity. Tothis end, continuous research and development has been conducted intosemiconductor chips including through-silicon vias (TSVs) and stackedsemiconductor packages. However, a stacked semiconductor package mayhave difficulty dissipating heat, which can lead to a device failure.

SUMMARY

At least one example embodiment of the inventive concept provides asemiconductor package having improved heat dissipation characteristicsand which can be manufactured more easily to improve manufacturingproductivity.

According to an example embodiment of the inventive concept, asemiconductor package includes: a base chip; a first semiconductor chipdisposed on the base chip; a second semiconductor chip disposed on thefirst semiconductor chip; a first insulating layer disposed between thebase chip and the first semiconductor chip; a second insulating layerdisposed between the first semiconductor chip and the secondsemiconductor chip; a first connection bump penetrating through thefirst insulating layer and connecting the base chip and the firstsemiconductor chip to each other; and a second connection bumppenetrating through the second insulating layer and connecting the firstsemiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip to each other. Thebase chip has a width greater than a width of each of the first andsecond semiconductor chips. The first insulating layer and the secondinsulating layer include different materials from each other.

According to an example embodiment of the inventive concept, asemiconductor package includes a base chip; a first semiconductor chip;a plurality of second semiconductor chips stacked on the firstsemiconductor chip in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface ofthe first semiconductor chip; a first insulating layer between the basechip and the first semiconductor chip; a plurality of second insulatinglayers on a lower surface of each of the plurality of secondsemiconductor chips; a first connection bump penetrating through thefirst insulating layer and electrically connecting the base chip and thefirst semiconductor chip to each other; and a plurality of secondconnection bumps, respectively penetrating through the plurality ofsecond insulating layers, and electrically connecting the firstsemiconductor chip and the plurality of second semiconductor chips toeach other. The first insulating layer has the same width as the firstsemiconductor chip. Each of the plurality of second insulating layershas a width greater than the width of the first semiconductor chip. Thefirst insulating layer and the second insulating layer include differentmaterials from each other.

According to an example embodiment of the inventive concept, asemiconductor package includes: a base chip including a base body, abase upper connection pad disposed on an upper surface of the base body,and a base through-electrode penetrating through the base body andconnected to the base upper connection pad; a plurality of semiconductorchips, disposed on the base chip, each including a first chip body, afirst lower connection pad and a first upper connection pad,respectively disposed on a lower surface and an upper surface of thefirst chip body, and a first through-electrode penetrating through thefirst chip body and connecting the first lower connection pad and thefirst upper connection pad to each other, the plurality of semiconductorchips being stacked in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface ofthe base chip; a plurality of second semiconductor chips, disposed onthe plurality of first semiconductor chips, each including a second chipbody, a second lower connection pad and a second upper connection pad,respectively disposed on a lower surface and an upper surface of thesecond chip body, and a second through-electrode penetrating through thesecond chip body and connecting the second lower connection pad and thesecond upper connection pad to each other, the plurality of secondsemiconductor chips being stacked in a direction perpendicular to anupper surface of the first semiconductor chip; a plurality of firstinsulating layers disposed on a lower surface of each of the pluralityof first semiconductor chips; a plurality of second insulating layersdisposed on a lower surface of each of the plurality of secondsemiconductor chips; a plurality of first connection bumps, respectivelypenetrating through the plurality of first insulating layers, andconnecting the first lower connection pad to the base upper connectionpad or the first upper connection pad; and a plurality of secondconnection bumps, respectively penetrating through the plurality ofsecond insulating layers, and connecting the second lower connection padto the first upper connection pad or the second upper connection pad.The number of the plurality of first semiconductor chips is smaller thanthe number of the plurality of second semiconductor chips. The base chiphas a width greater than a width of each of the plurality of firstsemiconductor chips and a width of each of the plurality of secondsemiconductor chips. The plurality of first insulating layers and theplurality of second insulating layers include different materials fromeach other.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will be more clearly understood from thefollowing detailed description, taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package according toan example embodiment of the inventive concept.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package according toan example embodiment of the inventive concept.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package according toan example embodiment of the inventive concept.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package according toan example embodiment of the inventive concept.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package according toan example embodiment of the inventive concept.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package according toan example embodiment of the inventive concept.

FIGS. 7 to 13 are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating a methodof manufacturing a semiconductor package according to an exampleembodiment of the inventive concept.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, example embodiments of the inventive concept will bedescribed with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package according toan example embodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 1, a semiconductor package 1 a according to an exampleembodiment includes a base chip C0, a first semiconductor chip C1, asecond semiconductor chip C2 (or multiple second semiconductor chipsC2), and a third semiconductor chip C3. A first insulating layer 150 isdisposed between the base chip C0 and the first semiconductor chip C1.The first insulating layer 150 includes first connection bumps 160. Asecond insulating layer 250 is disposed between the first semiconductorchip C1 and a second semiconductor chip C2. The second insulating layer250 includes second connection bumps 260. A third insulating layer 350is disposed between a second semiconductor chip C2 and the thirdsemiconductor chip C3. The third insulating layer 350 includes a thirdconnection bumps 360. When two second semiconductor chips C2 arepresent, an additional insulating layer (e.g., 250 or 350) is locatedbetween the two semiconductor chips C2. For example, one semiconductorchip C2 may be disposed between the first semiconductor chip C1 andanother semiconductor chip C2, and the other semiconductor chip C2 maybe disposed between the one semiconductor chip C2 and the thirdsemiconductor chip C3.

In an example embodiment, the base chip C0 has a width W0 greater than awidth W1 of each of the first and semiconductor chips C1 and C2. In anexample embodiment, the first insulating layer 150 includes a firstmaterial different from a material of the second insulating layer 250and the third insulating layer 350, and the second and third insulatinglayer 250 and 350 include the a same second material. In an exampleembodiment, first insulating layer 150 is entirely made of the firstmaterial and the second and third insulating layers 250 and 350 areentirely made of the second material.

The base chip C0 includes a base body 510, a base lower connection pad520 and base upper connection pads 540, respectively disposed on thelower and upper surfaces of the base body 510, and a basethrough-electrode 530 penetrating through the base body 510 andconnecting the base lower connection pad 520 and the base upperconnection pad 540 to each other. One or more base connection bumps 560may be mounted on a lower surface of the base chip C0. For example, thebase connection bump 560 may be disposed on each base lower connectionpad 520 disposed on a lower surface of the base chip C0. The base body510 includes a base substrate 511, an interlayer dielectric 512, and arear passivation layer 513.

Unlike the first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3, the basechip C0 may be a dummy semiconductor chip which does not includeindividual elements. The base chip C0 may be a buffer chip receiving atleast one of a control signal, a power signal, and a ground signal foroperating the first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3. Thebase chip C0 may receive these signals from an external device throughthe base through-electrode 530 and the interlayer dielectric 512. Thebase chip C0 may also receive a data signal from an external device thatis to be stored in the first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, andC3. The base chip C0 may also provide the data stored in the first tothird semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 to an external device.

The first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 may be stacked onthe base chip C0. In an example embodiment, side surfaces of the stackedfirst to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 are surrounded by anencapsulant 550 and are not exposed outwardly from the semiconductorpackage 1 a. Thus, damage to the semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 maybe prevented during movement or storage of the semiconductor package 1a.

As discussed above, the base body 510 may include a base substrate 511,an interlayer dielectric 512, and a rear passivation layer 513. The basesubstrate 511 may include, for example, silicon. A plurality of wiringstructures may be formed in the interlayer dielectric 512, and may beelectrically connected to the base through-electrode 530. The rearpassivation layer 513 may include, for example, an insulating polymerand may be formed by a spin coating process or a spray process.

The base lower connection pad 520 and the base upper connection pad 540may be disposed on a lower surface and an upper surface of the base body510, respectively, and may be electrically connected to a wiringstructure in the interlayer dielectric 512 or may be directly connectedto the base through-electrode 530. The base lower connection pad 520 andthe base upper connection pad 540 may include at least one of aluminum,copper, nickel, tungsten, platinum, and gold.

The base through-electrode 530 may extend from the upper surface to thelower surface of the base body 510 through the base body 510. The basethrough-electrode 530 may be directly connected to the base lowerconnection pad 520 and the base upper connection pad 540 through theinterlayer dielectric 512, The base through-electrode 530 may beelectrically connected to the wiring structure in the interlayerdielectric 512.

The base connection bump 560 may be used to electrically connect thesemiconductor package 1 a to an external base substrate (for example,600 of FIG. 4). The base connection bump 560 may receive at least one ofa control signal, a power signal, and a ground signal for operating thefirst to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 from an externaldevice, or may receive a data signal to be stored in the first to thirdsemiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 from an external device, or mayprovide data stored in the first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2,and C3 to an external device. In an example embodiment, the baseconnection bump 560 includes a conductive material. However, thematerial of the base connection bump 560 is not limited to a specificmaterial. The base connection bump 560 may be a land, a line, a ball, ora pin. The base connection bump 560 may be formed as a multilayerstructure or a single-layer structure. When the base connection bump 560is formed as a multilayer structure, the base connection bump 560 mayinclude a copper pillar and a solder. When the base connection bump 560is formed as a single-layer structure, the base connection bump 560 mayinclude a tin-silver solder or copper. However, these are merelyexamples and the base connection bump 560 is not limited thereto. Thenumber, an interval (e.g., spacing between them), and locations of thebase connection bumps 560 are not limited to any particular arrangement,and may be variously modified.

In an example embodiment of the inventive concept, the base chip C0 hasa horizontal width W0 greater than a horizontal width W1 of each of thefirst to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3, and the first tothird semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 have the same or substantiallythe same horizontal width W1. Such a structural feature may result whenthe first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 are sequentiallystacked on the base chip C0 in a wafer state and the base chip C0 in thewafer state is cut into individual chips. Thus, the encapsulant 550 maycover an upper surface of the base chip C0 and side surfaces of each ofthe first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3. In an exampleembodiment, a side surface of the encapsulant 550 is substantiallycoplanar with a side surface of the base chip C0. In an exampleembodiment, the base chip C0 does not extend past the encapsulant 550.

The first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 may besequentially stacked on the base chip C0. The base chip C0 and the firstto third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 may be attached to eachother by the first to third insulating layers 150, 250, and 350. Thebase chip C0 and the first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3may be electrically connected to each other through first to thirdconnection bumps 160, 260, and 360. The first to third connection bumps160, 260, and 360 may include a conductive material.

The first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 may be logic chipsor memory chips. For example, all of the first to third semiconductorchips C1, C2, and C3 may be the same type of memory chips, or a portionof the first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 may be memorychips, and another portion thereof may be logic chips. In an exampleembodiment of the inventive concept, horizontal widths W1 of the firstto third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 are the same orsubstantially the same.

The memory chip may be, for example, a volatile memory chip such as adynamic random access memory (DRAM) or a static random access memory(SRAM), or a nonvolatile memory chip such as a phase-change randomaccess memory (PRAM), a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), aferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM), or a resistive random accessmemory (RRAM). In an example embodiment of the inventive concept, eachof the semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 is a high-bandwidth memory(HBM) DRAM. In addition, the logic chip may be, for example, amicroprocessor, an analog device, a digital signal processor, a fieldprogrammable gate array, etc.

A semiconductor package 1 a, in which a single first semiconductor chipC1, two second semiconductor chips C2, and a single third semiconductorchip C3 are stacked, is illustrated as an example in FIG. 1. However,the number of semiconductor chips, stacked on the base chip C0, is notlimited thereto. For example, two, four, eight, or more than 16semiconductor chips may be stacked on the base chip C0.

The first semiconductor chip C1 is disposed on the base chip C0, andincludes a first chip body 110, a first lower connection pad 120 and afirst upper connection pad 140. The first lower connection pad 120 isdisposed on a lower surface of the first chip body 110 and the firstupper connection pad 140 is disposed on an upper surface of the firstchip body 110. A first through-electrode 130 penetrates through thefirst chip body 110 and connects the first lower connection pad 120 andthe first upper connection pad 140 to each other. A first insulatinglayer 150 and a first connection bump 160 may be disposed between thefirst semiconductor chip C1 and the base chip C0. The firstsemiconductor chip C1 may be electrically connected to the base chip C0through the first connection bump 160.

The first chip body 110 includes a first semiconductor substrate 111, afirst semiconductor device layer 112, and a first rear passivation layer113. The first semiconductor substrate 111 may have upper and lowersurfaces opposing each other. The first semiconductor device layer 112may be disposed on a side of the lower surface of the firstsemiconductor substrate 111. The first through-electrode 130 may extendfrom an upper surface of the first semiconductor substrate 111 toward alower surface of the first semiconductor substrate 111 through the firstsemiconductor substrate 111, and may be connected to a first wiringstructure (not illustrated) provided in the first semiconductor devicelayer 112 or may be directly connected to the first lower connection pad120 through the first semiconductor device layer 112. For example,unlike what is illustrated in FIG. 1, the first lower connection pad 120disposed on the first semiconductor device layer 112 may be electricallyconnected to the first through-electrode 130 through a first wiringstructure in the first semiconductor device layer 112.

The first semiconductor substrate 111 may include, for example, silicon.Alternatively, the first semiconductor substrate 111 may include asemiconductor element such as germanium or a compound semiconductor suchas silicon carbide (SiC), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium arsenide(InAs), and indium phosphide (InP). Alternatively, the firstsemiconductor substrate 111 may have a silicon-on-insulator (SOI)structure. For example, the first semiconductor substrate 111 mayinclude a buried oxide layer. The first semiconductor substrate 111 mayhave a conductive region, for example, a well doped with impurities or astructure doped with impurities. In addition, the first semiconductorsubstrate 111 may have various isolation structures such as a shallowtrench isolation (STI) structure.

The first semiconductor device layer 112 may be formed to include afirst wiring structure (not illustrated) for connecting a plurality ofindividual elements to other wirings formed in the first semiconductorsubstrate 111. The first wiring structure (not illustrated) may includea metal wiring layer and a via plug.

The rear passivation layer 113 may include an insulating material. Forexample, the rear passivation layer 113 may include an insulatingpolymer and may be formed by a spin coating process or a spray process.Alternatively, the rear passivation layer 113 may include, for example,a silicon oxide and may be formed by a common oxide deposition method.

The first lower connection pad 120 and the first upper connection pad140 may be disposed on the lower surface and the upper surface of thefirst chip body 110, respectively. The first lower connection pad 120may be disposed on the first semiconductor device layer 112, and may beelectrically connected to the first wiring structure in the firstsemiconductor device layer 112, or may be directly connected to thefirst through-electrode 130. The first lower connection pad 120 mayinclude at least one of aluminum, copper, nickel, tungsten, platinum,and gold. The first upper connection pad 140 may be disposed on theupper surface of the first semiconductor substrate 111 and may beelectrically connected to the first through-electrode 130. The firstupper connection pad 140 may include the same material as the firstlower connection pad 120. In addition, the first rear passivation layer113 may be disposed on the upper surface of the first semiconductorsubstrate 111 to cover the upper surface of the first semiconductorsubstrate 111 and to surround a portion of a side surface of the firstthrough-electrode 130.

In an example embodiment, a lower surface of the first lower connectionpad 120 is coplanar or substantially coplanar with the lower surface ofthe first chip body 110. Accordingly, the first lower connection pad 120may be embedded in the first semiconductor device layer 112. However,embodiments of the semiconductor package 1 a are not limited thereto.For example, unlike what is illustrated in FIG. 1, the first lowerconnection pad 120 may protrude further than a lower surface of thefirst semiconductor device layer 112. Although not illustrated in FIG.1, a first lower passivation layer may be provided on the firstsemiconductor device layer 112 to protect the first wiring structure inthe first semiconductor device layer 112 and other structures disposedtherebelow from external impact or moisture. For example, the firstlower passivation layer may expose at least a portion of a surface ofthe first lower connection pad 120.

In an example embodiment, an upper surface of the first upper connectionpad 140 coplanar or substantially coplanar with the upper surface of thefirst chip body 110. Accordingly, the first upper connection pad 140 maybe embedded in the first rear passivation layer 113. However,embodiments of the semiconductor package 1 a are not limited theretoand. For example, unlike what is illustrated in FIG. 1, the first upperconnection pad 140 may further protrude than an upper surface of thefirst rear passivation layer 113.

When the lower surface of the first lower connection pad 120 issubstantially coplanar with the lower surface of the first chip body 110and the upper surface of the first upper connection pad 140 issubstantially coplanar with the upper surface of the first chip body110, the overall height of the stacked semiconductor chips may bereduced. Accordingly, adhesion between the first insulating layer 150and the first semiconductor chip C1 or adhesion between the secondinsulating layer 250 and the first semiconductor chip C1 may beimproved.

The first through-electrode 130 may extend from an upper surface of thefirst semiconductor substrate 111 toward the lower surface of the firstsemiconductor substrate 111 and may extend inwardly of the firstsemiconductor device layer 112. At least a portion of the firstthrough-electrode 130 may have a pillar shape.

The second semiconductor chip C2 may be mounted or disposed on the firstsemiconductor chip C1. The second semiconductor chip C2 includes asecond chip body 210, a second lower connection pad 220 and a secondupper connection pad 240, respectively disposed on a lower surface andan upper surface of the second chip body 210. The second semiconductorchip C2 further includes a second through-electrode 230 penetratingthrough the second chip body 210 and connecting the second lowerconnection pad 220 and the second upper connection pad 240 to eachother. The second insulating layer 250 and the second connection bump260 are disposed between the second semiconductor chip C2 and the firstsemiconductor chip C1. The second semiconductor chip C2 may beelectrically connected to the first semiconductor chip C1 through thesecond connection bump 260.

For example, the second semiconductor chip C2 may be stacked in adirection perpendicular to the upper surface of the first semiconductorchip C1. A plurality of the second semiconductor chips C2 may bepresent, each including a second lower connection pad 220 and a secondupper connection pad 240, respectively disposed on the lower surface andthe upper surface of the second chip body, and a secondthrough-electrode 230 connecting the lower connection pad 220 and thesecond upper connection pad 240 to each other. For example, the numberof the second semiconductor chips C2, included in the semiconductorpackage 1 a, may be greater than the number of the first semiconductorchips C1.

The third semiconductor chip C3 may be mounted or disposed on the secondsemiconductor chip C2. The third semiconductor chip C3 includes a thirdchip body 310 and a third lower connection pad 320 disposed on a lowersurface of the third chip body 310. In an example embodiment, the thirdsemiconductor chip C3 does not include a through-electrode. For example,a through-electrode like the first through-electrode 130 does not passthrough the third semiconductor chip C3. A third insulating layer 350and a third connection bump 360 are disposed between the thirdsemiconductor chip C3 and the second semiconductor chip C2. The thirdsemiconductor chip C3 may be electrically connected to the secondsemiconductor chip C2 through the third connection bump 360.

Since the second to third semiconductor chips C2 and C3 may have thesame or similar technical characteristics as the first semiconductorchip C1, detailed descriptions of the second to third semiconductorchips C2 and C3 will be omitted.

The first to third insulating layers 150, 250, and 350 may be disposedbelow the first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3,respectively. The first insulating layer 150 may be disposed between thebase chip C0 and the first semiconductor chip C1. The second insulatinglayer 250 may be disposed between the first semiconductor chip C1 andthe second semiconductor chip C2. The third insulating layer 350 may bedisposed between the second semiconductor chip C2 and the thirdsemiconductor chip C3. When a plurality of second semiconductor chips C2are stacked in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of thefirst semiconductor chip C1, a plurality of second insulating layers 250may be present, respectively disposed on lower surfaces of the secondsemiconductor chips C2.

According to an example embodiment of the inventive concept, the firstinsulating layer 150, disposed to be relatively adjacent to the basechip C0, includes a material different from a material of the secondinsulating layer 250 and the third insulating layer 350, disposed to berelatively distant from the base chip C0. Thus, a heat dissipationeffect through the first semiconductor chip C1 may be improved. Further,productivity of a bonding process for bonding the second semiconductorchip C2 and the third semiconductor chip C3 may be maintained at aconstant level.

In an example embodiment, the first insulating layer 150 includessilicon oxide. The silicon oxide may have better heat dissipationperformance than a non-conductive film (NCF) or a non-conductive paste(NCP), a polymer-based insulating layer, and may reduce a gap betweensemiconductor chips. Accordingly, when the silicon oxide is formedbetween the base chip C0 and the first semiconductor chip C1 disposed tobe adjacent to a device that generates a large amount (for example, amainboard or a logic chip), heat dissipation characteristics of asemiconductor package may be improved. The silicon oxide may be formedby an oxide deposition method. Thus, a side surface of the firstinsulating layer 150 may be coplanar or substantially coplanar with aside surface of the first semiconductor chip C1. In an exampleembodiment, the first insulating layer 150 has substantially the samewidth as the first semiconductor chip C1.

In an example embodiment, the second insulating layer 250 and the thirdinsulating layer 350 include a non-conductive film (NCF). In an exampleembodiment, the non-conductive film (NCF) include an adhesive resin. Theadhesive resin may serve to bond the second insulating layer 250 and thethird insulating layer 350 to semiconductor chips. The adhesive resinmay be a thermosetting resin and may include at least one of, forexample, a bisphenol type epoxy resin, a novolac type epoxy resin, aphenol resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, an unsaturated polyesterresin, and a resorcinol resin. In a process of bonding betweensemiconductor chips, using a non-conductive film as an insulating layerhas better productivity than using the silicon oxide as an insulatinglayer. For example, semiconductor chips can be bonded together morequickly during a bonding process that uses the non-conductive filmrather than the silicon oxide. Accordingly, when the non-conductive filmis formed between the second and third semiconductor chips C2 and C3disposed to be relatively distant from a device that generates a largeamount of heat (for example, a mainboard or a logic chip), manufacturingproductivity may be maintained at a constant level. The non-conductivefilm may be formed below the second and third semiconductor chips C2 andC3, and may bond the second and third semiconductor chips C2 and C3using a thermal compression process. Therefore, in an example embodimentof the inventive concept, a side surface of the second insulating layer250 protrudes further outwardly than the side surfaces of the firstsemiconductor chip C1 and the second and third semiconductor chips C2and C3. In an example embodiment, the second insulating layer 250 has awidth greater than a width of the second semiconductor chip C2.

The first to third connection bumps 160, 260, and 360 may penetratethrough the first to third insulating layers 150, 250, and 350 toelectrically connect the base chip C0 to the first to thirdsemiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3. The first connection bump 160 maypenetrate through the first insulating layer 150 to connect the firstlower connection pad 120 to the base upper connection pad 540. Thesecond connection bump 260 may penetrate through the second insulatinglayer 250 to connect the second lower connection pad 220 to the firstupper connection pad 140. The third connection bump 360 may penetratethrough the third insulating layer 350 to connect the third lowerconnection pad 320 to the second upper connection pad 240. For example,as illustrated in FIG. 1, when a plurality of second semiconductor chipsC2 are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of thefirst semiconductor chip C1, the second connection bumps 260 maypenetrate through the second insulating layer 250 to connect the secondlower connection pad 220 to the first upper connection pad 140 or thesecond upper connection pad 240.

In an example embodiment of the inventive concept, the first to thirdconnection bumps 160, 260, and 360 may have the same shape. However, theshapes of the connection bumps 160, 260, and 360 are not limited theretoand may have different shapes in alternate embodiments. For example, thefirst connection bumps 160, the second connection bumps 260, and thethird connection bumps 360 may have a conductive pillar shape. In anexample embodiment of the inventive concept, a pitch P (or spacing)between a plurality of connection bumps 160, respectively correspondingto the plurality of base upper connection pads spaced apart from eachother and the plurality of base upper connection pads spaced apart fromeach other, is 10 μm or less. When the first to third connection bumps160, 260, and 360 have a copper pillar shape, a pitch P betweenconnection bumps may be reduced because the first to third connectionbumps 160, 260, and 360 do not spread during thermal compression, unlikesolder balls.

Since the first to third connection bumps 160, 260 and 360 may have thesame or similar technical features as the base connection bumps 560,duplicate descriptions thereof will be omitted.

The semiconductor package 1 a may further include an encapsulant 550covering the base chip C0 and the first to third semiconductor chips C1,C2, and C3. The encapsulant 550 may cover an upper surface of the basechip C0 and side surfaces of each of the first semiconductor chip C1,the second semiconductor chip C2, and the third semiconductor chip C3.In an example embodiment of the inventive concept, an upper surface ofthe third semiconductor chip C3 is exposed from the encapsulant 550.However embodiments of the inventive concept are not limited to thistype of exposure. The encapsulant 550 may extend to the upper surface ofthe third semiconductor chip C3. For example, the encapsulant 550 mayextend to completely encapsulate the third semiconductor chip C3 or toencapsulate portions of the upper surface of the third semiconductorchip C3 so that other portions of the upper surface are exposed. Forexample, the encapsulant 550 may include an epoxy mold compound (EMC).

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package 1 baccording to an example embodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 2, the semiconductor package 1 b includes a pluralityof first semiconductor chips C1 and a plurality of second semiconductorchips C2. Each of the plurality of first semiconductor chips C1 includesa first chip body 110, a first lower connection pad 120 and a firstupper connection pad, respectively disposed on a lower surface and anupper surface of the first chip body 110, and the first chip body 110,respectively. Each of the plurality of first semiconductor chips C1includes a first through-electrode 130 penetrating through the firstchip body 110 and connecting the first lower connection pad 120 and thefirst upper connection pad 140 to each other. The plurality of firstsemiconductor chip C1 may be stacked in a direction perpendicular to anupper surface of the base chip C0.

The plurality of second semiconductor chips C2 are disposed on anuppermost first semiconductor chip C1 among the plurality of firstsemiconductor chips C1. Each of the plurality of second semiconductorchips C2 includes a second chip body 210, a second lower connection pad220 and a second upper connection pad 240, respectively disposed on alower surface and an upper surface of the second chip body 210. Each ofthe plurality of second semiconductor chips C2 includes a secondthrough-electrode 230 penetrating through the second chip body 210 andconnecting the second lower connection pad 220 and the second upperconnection pad 240 to each other. The plurality of second semiconductorchips C2 may be stacked in a direction perpendicular to the uppersurface of the first semiconductor chip C1.

Since the plurality of first semiconductor chips C1 are disposed to berelatively adjacent to the base chip C0 disposed to be adjacent to adevice generating a large amount of heat (for example, a mainboard or alogic chip), a plurality of first insulating layers 150, respectivelydisposed on (or between) lower surfaces of the plurality of firstsemiconductor chips C1, and a plurality of second insulating layers 250,respectively disposed on (or between) lower surfaces of the plurality ofsecond semiconductor chips C2, include different materials from eachother. For example, the plurality of insulating layers 150 are made froma first material and the plurality of second insulating layers 250 aremade from a second material of a different type. Therefore, amanufacturing productivity of the semiconductor package 1 b, in whichthe plurality of second semiconductor chips C2 are stacked, may bemaintained at a constant level while improving a heat dissipation effectthrough the plurality of first semiconductor chips C1. In an exampleembodiment of the inventive concept, the number of the plurality offirst semiconductor chips C1 is smaller than the number of the pluralityof second semiconductor chips C2 to maintain heat dissipationcharacteristics and to improve a manufacturing productivity of thepackage 1 b.

The plurality of first insulating layers 150 may include an insulatinglayer, disposed between the base chip C0 and the first semiconductorchip C1, and one or more insulating layers disposed between theplurality of first semiconductor chips C1. The plurality of secondinsulating layers 250 may include an insulating layer, disposed betweenthe first semiconductor chip C1 and the second semiconductor chip C2,and one or more insulating layers disposed between the plurality ofsecond semiconductor chips C2.

Although the semiconductor package 1 b, in which two first semiconductorchips C1, five second semiconductor chips C2, and one thirdsemiconductor chip C3 are stacked on the base chip C0, is illustrated asan example, the number of semiconductor chips stacked on the base chipC0 is not limited thereto. For example, eight semiconductor chips orsixteen or more semiconductor chips may be stacked on the base chip C0.

A single first connection bump 160 may be present or a plurality offirst connection bumps 160 may be present. The plurality of firstconnection bumps 160 respectively penetrate through the plurality offirst insulating layers 150, and connect the first lower connection pad120 to a base upper connection pad 540 or a first upper connection pad140.

For example, the first connection bump 160 may include a connectionbump, disposed between the base chip C0 and the first semiconductor chipC1 and connecting the first lower connection pad 120 to the base upperconnection pad 540, and one or more connection bumps disposed betweenthe plurality of first semiconductor chips C1 and connecting the firstlower connection pad 120 and the first upper connection pad 140 to eachother.

For example, the second connection bumps 260 may include a connectionbump, disposed between an uppermost first semiconductor chip C1 amongthe plurality of first semiconductor chips C1 and a lowermostsemiconductor chip C2 among the plurality of second semiconductor chipsC2 and connecting the second lower connection pad 220 to the first upperconnection pad 140 of the uppermost first semiconductor chip C1, and oneor more connection bumps disposed between the plurality of secondsemiconductor chips C2 and connecting a second lower connection pad 220and a second upper connection pad 240 of each of the plurality of secondsemiconductor chips C2 to each other.

In FIG. 2, elements designated by the same reference numerals as thosein FIG. 1 designate similar elements in FIG. 1 and descriptions thereofwill be omitted.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package 1 caccording to an example embodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 3, the semiconductor package 1 c includes a firstconnection bump 160 and a second connection bump 260 having differentshapes from each other. For example, the first connection bumps 160 mayinclude copper pillars, and the second connection bumps 260 may includesolder balls. In an example embodiment, the second connection bump 260has a combination form of a copper pillar and a solder ball. Forexample, a second lower connection pillar 262-1 and a second upperconnection pillar 262-2 may be disposed on a first upper connection pad140 of a first semiconductor chip C1 and a second lower connection pad220 of a second semiconductor chip C2, respectively, and a second solderball 261 may be disposed between the second lower connection pillar262-1 and the second upper connection pillar 262-2. Similarly, a thirdlower connection pillar 362-1 and a third upper connection pillar 362-2may be disposed on a second upper connection pad 240 of a secondsemiconductor chip C2 and a third lower connection pad 320 of a thirdsemiconductor chip C3, respectively, and a third solder ball 361 may bedisposed between the third lower connection pillar 362-1 and the thirdupper connection pillar 362-2.

In an example embodiment of the inventive concept, a height H1 betweenan upper surface of a base chip C0 and a lower surface of the firstsemiconductor chip C1 with the first connection bump 160 interposedtherebetween is less than a height H2 between an upper surface of thefirst semiconductor chip C1 and a lower surface of the secondsemiconductor chip C2 with the second connection bump 260 interposedtherebetween.

In FIG. 3, elements designated by the same reference numerals as thosein FIG. 1 designate similar elements in FIG. 1 and descriptions thereofwill be omitted.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package 2 aaccording to an example embodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 4, the semiconductor package 2 a includes a basesubstrate 600, and a base chip C0 and first to third semiconductor chipsC1, C2, and C3 mounted on the base substrate 600 and sequentiallystacked on an upper surface of the base substrate 600.

The base substrate 600 may be, for example, a printed circuit board, aceramic substrate, or an interposer. When the base substrate 600 is aprinted circuit board, the base substrate 600 may include a substratebody portion 610, a lower pad 611, and an upper pad 612. The pads 611and 612 may include a conductive material. As necessary, the basesubstrate 600 may include solder resist layers disposed on a lowersurface and an upper surface of the substrate body portion 610. Aninternal wiring may be disposed in the substrate body portion 610 toelectrically connect the lower pad 611 and the upper pad 612 to eachother. The lower surface pad 611 and the upper surface pad 612 may beportions exposed by the solder resist layers disposed on the lowersurface and the upper surface of the substrate body portion 610 amongthe circuit wirings patterned after coating a copper (Cu) foil on thelower surface and the upper surface of the substrate body portion 610,respectively.

When the base substrate 600 is an interposer, the base substrate 600 mayinclude a substrate body 610, formed of a semiconductor material, and alower surface pad 611 and an upper surface pad 612, respectivelydisposed on a lower surface and an upper surface of the substrate bodyportion 610. The substrate body portion 610 may be formed from, forexample, a silicon wafer. In addition, an internal wiring may be formedon the lower surface, the upper surface, or inside of the substrate bodyportion 610. In addition, a through-via may be formed in the substratebody portion 610 to electrically connect the lower pad 611 and the upperpad 612.

An external connection terminal 620 may be attached to the lower surfaceof the base substrate 600. The external connection terminal 620 may beattached onto, for example, the lower pad 611. The external connectionterminal 620 may be, for example, a solder ball or a bump. The externalconnection terminal 620 may electrically connect the semiconductorpackage 2 b to an external device. Unlike what is illustrated in FIG. 4,at least a portion of the external connection terminals 620 may bedisposed in a region, not overlapping the base chip C0 and the first tothird semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 in a vertical direction. Forexample, an external connection terminal 620 could be located on anothersubstrate or board, and then a wire could connect this terminal to pad610.

In an example embodiment of the inventive concept, a molding member 640is disposed on the base substrate 600 to cover the base chip C0 and thefirst to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 and an encapsulant 550surrounding at least side surfaces of the first to third semiconductorchips C1, C2, and C3. In an example embodiment, the molding member 640is not in direct contact with the side surfaces of the first to thirdsemiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3. The molding member 640 may be formedof, for example, an epoxy mold compound (e.g., a thermosetting plastic).

An underfill material layer 630 may be formed between the base substrate600 and the base chip C0. The underfill material layer 630 may beinterposed between the base substrate 600 and the base chip C0 tosurround a side surface of the base connection bump 560. The underfillmaterial layer 630 may be formed of, for example, an epoxy resin. Theunderfill material layer 630 may be a portion of the second moldingmember 640 formed in a molded underfill (MUF) manner.

In FIG. 4, elements designated by the same reference numerals as thosein FIG. 1 designate similar elements in FIG. 1 and descriptions thereofwill be omitted.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package 2 baccording to an example embodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 5, the semiconductor package 2 b includes a mainsemiconductor chip 700 attached onto a base substrate 600, and a basechip C0 and first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3sequentially stacked on the base substrate 600.

In an example embodiment, the main semiconductor chip 700 is a processorunit. The main semiconductor chip 700 may be, for example, amicroprocessor unit (MPU) or a graphics processor unit (GPU). In someembodiments, the main semiconductor chip 700 may be a package in which anormal operation is verified, for example, a known good package (KGP).The main semiconductor chip 700 includes a main chip body 710 and mainthrough-electrodes 720. For example, each of the base connection bumps560 may connect to a corresponding one of the main through-electrodes720. The main chip body 710 includes a semiconductor substrate layer 711and a semiconductor device layer 712. Since the main through-electrodes720 have a structure similar to a structure of each of thethrough-electrodes 130, 230, 330, and 530 of the base chip C0 and thefirst to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3, a detaileddescription thereof will be omitted.

The through-electrodes 130, 230, 330, and 530 of the base electrode C0and the first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 may beelectrically connected to the main through-electrode 720 of thecorresponding main semiconductor chip 700. The main through-electrode720 may be connected to a main connection terminal 740 through a wiringstructure WS formed in the semiconductor device layer 712.

The main connection terminal 740 may be attached to a lower surface ofthe main semiconductor chip 700. The base chip C0, the first to thirdsemiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3, and the main semiconductor chip 700may be electrically connected to the base substrate 600 through a mainconnection terminal 740.

For example, the main connection terminal 740 may include a lower metallayer (UBM) 741, disposed on a lower surface of the main semiconductorchip 700, and a solder ball 742 disposed on the lower metal layer 741.

An underfill material layer 730 may be disposed between the mainsemiconductor chip 700 and the base substrate 600 to surround the mainconnection terminal 740. The underfill material layer 730 may be formedof, for example, an epoxy resin. In an example embodiment of theinventive concept, the underfill material layer 730 is a portion of amolding member 640 formed in a molded underfill (MUF) manner.

Although not illustrated in the drawing, the main connection terminal740 may further include a main connection pillar disposed between alower metal layer 741 and a solder ball 742. The main connection pillarmay include, for example, copper.

In FIG. 5, elements designated by the same reference numerals as thosein FIG. 1 designate similar elements in FIG. 1 and descriptions thereofwill be omitted.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor package 2 caccording to an example embodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 6, the semiconductor package 2 c includes a mainsemiconductor chip 700 attached onto a base substrate 600, and a basechip C0 and first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3sequentially stacked on the base substrate 600.

In an example embodiment, the main semiconductor chip 700 is a processorunit. The main semiconductor chip 700 may be, for example, a microprocessor unit (MPU) or a graphics processor unit (GPU). The mainsemiconductor chip 700 may be a package in which a normal operation isverified, for example, a known good package (KGP). The main connectionterminal 740 may be attached to a lower surface of the main body 710 ofthe main semiconductor chip 700. For example, the main semiconductorchip 700 may be disposed on the substrate 600 side by side with respectto the first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 disposed on thesubstrate 600.

An underfill material layer 630 may be formed in a space between thebase substrate 600 and the base chip C0 and a space between the basesubstrate 600 and the main semiconductor chip 700.

A molding member 640 may cover a side surface and an upper surface of anencapsulant 550 surrounding an upper surface of the base substrate 600,a side surface and an upper surface of the main semiconductor chip 700,and the first to third semiconductor chip C1, C2, and C3.

In FIG. 6, elements designated by the same reference numerals as thosein FIG. 1 designate similar elements in FIG. 1 and descriptions thereofwill be omitted.

FIGS. 7 to 13 are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating a methodof manufacturing a semiconductor package 1 a according to an exampleembodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 7, a first semiconductor wafer WF is prepared. Thesemiconductor wafer WF may include a plurality of base chips C0 dividedinto scribe lanes SL. Each of the base chips C0 includes a substrate511, an interlayer dielectric 512, and a base through-electrode 530. Thebase substrate 511 has a first upper surface 511-1 and a first lowersurface 511-2 opposing each other. The interlayer dielectric 512 isformed on the first upper surface 511-1 of the base substrate 511. Thebase through-electrode 530 is formed to extend into the base substrate511 through the interlayer dielectric 512 from the first upper surface511-1 of the base substrate 511.

A plurality of wiring structures may be formed in the interlayerdielectric 512, and may be electrically connected to the basethrough-electrode 530. A base lower connection pad 520 is formed on theinterlayer dielectric 512 to be connected to the wiring structure or thebase through-electrode 530.

The base through-electrode 530 may extend into the base substrate 511from the first upper surface 511-1 of the base substrate 511. In anexample embodiment, all or at least a portion of the basethrough-electrode 530 has a columnar shape. The base through-electrode530 may include a barrier layer, formed on a columnar surface, and aburied conductive layer filling the inside of the barrier layer. A viainsulating layer may be interposed between the base substrate 511 andthe base through-electrode 530. The via insulating layer may be formedof an oxide, a nitride, a carbide, a polymer, or combinations thereof.

In an example embodiment, the base through-electrode 530 includeconductive materials penetrating through the base substrate 511 having aportion removed in a subsequent process. For example, the basethrough-electrode 530 may include a barrier layer and a buriedconductive layer filling the inside of the barrier layer. Alternatively,for example, the base through-electrode 530 may include a portion of thebarrier layer, the buried conductive layer filling the inside of thebarrier layer, and/or a via plug.

Referring to FIG. 8, a base connection bump 560 is formed on the baselower connection pad 520 electrically connected to the basethrough-electrode 530. As necessary, the base lower connection pad 520may be omitted. For example, a base connection bump 560 may be formed ondeposited on each of the base through-electrodes 530.

In an example embodiment, the base connection bump 560 is a solder ball.A mask pattern, having an opening exposing a portion of the base lowerconnection pad 520, may be formed on the interlayer dielectric 512 toform the base connection bump 560. A base connection bump 560 may beformed on a portion of the base lower connection pad 520 exposed by themask pattern. The base connection bump 560 may be formed by anelectroplating process. The mask pattern may be removed, and the baseconnection bump 560 may be reflowed through heat treatment to have aconvex shape. For example, the base connection bump 560 may be heateduntil it has a convex or ball shape.

Referring to FIG. 9, the base semiconductor wafer WF, on which the baseconnection bumps 560 are formed, is attached to a first carriersubstrate 10. The first carrier substrate 10 includes a first supportsubstrate 12 and a first adhesive material layer 14. The basesemiconductor wafer WF may be attached to the first carrier substrate 10such that the base connection bump 560 faces the first carrier substrate10. The base connection bump 560 may be covered with the first adhesivematerial layer 14. For example, the base connection bumps 560 may becompletely encapsulated by the first adhesive material layer 14. Thefirst upper surface 511-1 of the first semiconductor substrate 100 has aportion on which the base connection bump 560 is not disposed, and theportion may be in contact with the first adhesive material layer 14.

Referring to FIG. 10, a portion of the base substrate 511 is removed(e.g., etched) to expose the base through-electrode 530. The basethrough-electrode 530 is exposed to the first lower surface 511-2 of thebase substrate 511. Since the base through-electrode 530 is exposed tothe first lower surface 511-2 of the base substrate 511, the basethrough-electrode 530 may have a shape penetrating through the basesubstrate 511. Optionally, a portion of the base substrate 511 may beremoved such that the base through-electrode 530 protrudes further thanthe first lower surface 511-2. For example, a portion of the basesubstrate 511 between two exposed base through-electrodes 530 could havea height greater than the exposed base through-electrodes 530.

A portion of the base substrate 511 may be removed using a chemicalmechanical polishing (CMP) process, an etch-back process, or acombination thereof to expose the base through-electrode 530.

Referring to FIG. 11, a rear passivation layer 513 is formed (e.g.,deposited) to cover an exposed surface of the base semiconductor waferWF, for example, the first lower surface 511-2 of the base substrate511. For example, the rear passivation layer 513 ultimately does notcover the exposed base through-electrodes 530, but the portions of thebase substrate 511 that were etched in FIG. 10. The rear passivationlayer 513 may be formed by, for example, a spin coating process or aspray process. The rear passivation layer 513 may include, for example,an insulating polymer. In order to form the rear passivation layer 513,an insulating polymer layer may be formed to cover the first lowersurface 511-2 and the exposed base through-electrodes 530 of the basesubstrate 511, and then a portion of the insulating polymer layer may beremoved by an etch-back process to expose the base through-electrodes530.

A base upper connection pad 540 is formed to be electrically connectedto a portion of the base through-electrode 530 exposed by the rearpassivation layer 513. For example, a base upper connection pad 540 maybe formed on each of the base through-electrodes 530. Optionally, thebase upper connection pad 540 is not formed and is omitted. The baseupper connection pad 540 may be formed in a state in which it isembedded in the rear passivation layer 513. Accordingly, an uppersurface of the base upper connection pad 540 may be coplanar orsubstantially coplanar with an upper surface of the rear passivationlayer 513.

Referring to FIG. 12, first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3may be stacked on a plurality of corresponding base chips C0 dividedinto scribe lanes SL, respectively. After all of the first to thirdsemiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 are prepared, bonding processes (forexample, reflow processes or thermocompression processes) may beperformed simultaneously on the first to third semiconductor chips C1,C2, and C3, or bonding processes may be sequentially performed on thefirst to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3, respectively.

The first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 may be prepared asindividual chips by processing and cutting first to third semiconductorwafers, similarly to a method of processing the base semiconductor waferWF illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 11. In an exemplary embodiment, each of thebase chips C0, divided into the scribe lanes SL, have a width greaterthan a width of each of the first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2,and C3 prepared as individual chips.

The first to third semiconductor wafers may include the same type ofindividual elements. After the first to third semiconductor chips C1,C2, and C3 are attached to the carrier substrate in the form ofsemiconductor wafers connected to each other, they are cut and dividedinto the first to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3. Each of thefirst to third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3 may include asemiconductor substrate, a semiconductor device layer, or athrough-electrode.

A first insulating layer 150 and a first connection bump 160 are formedbetween the first semiconductor chip C1 and the base chip C0. The firstinsulating layer 150 may be formed on the rear passivation layer 513 ofthe base semiconductor wafer WF. Optionally, the first insulating layer150 may be formed on a lower surface of the first semiconductor chip C1and then attached to the rear passivation layer 513 in a bondingprocess. For example, the first insulating layer 150 may be a siliconoxide layer and may be formed by a common oxide deposition method. In anexemplary embodiment, a side surface of the first insulating layer 150is coplanar or substantially coplanar with a side surface of the firstsemiconductor chip C1.

In an example embodiment, the first connection bump 160 penetratesthrough the first insulating layer 150 and is formed in a positioncorresponding to the base upper connection pad 540. Optionally, similarto the first insulating layer 150, the first connection bump 160 may beformed below the first semiconductor chip C1, and then may be in contactwith the base upper connection pad 540 in a bonding process. Forexample, the first connection bump 160 may be a copper pillar and may beformed by electroplating.

A second insulating layer 250 and a second connection bump 260 may beformed on a lower surface of the second semiconductor chip C2. Thesecond insulating layer 250 may be formed between the firstsemiconductor chip C1 and the second semiconductor chip C2 or may beformed between the plurality of second semiconductor chips C2. Forexample, the second insulating layer 250 may be a non-conductive film,and the first semiconductor chip C1, the second semiconductor chip C2,and the second semiconductor chips C2 may be attached to each other by athermal compression process. In an example embodiment, a side surface ofthe second insulating layer 250 protrudes outward further than sidesurfaces of the first, second, and third semiconductor chips C1, C2, andC3.

In an example embodiment, the second connection bump 260 penetratesthrough the second insulating layer 250 and is formed in a positioncorresponding to the second lower connection pad 220. For example, thesecond connection bump 260 may be a copper pillar, but may be differentin type from the first connection bump 160.

A third insulating layer 350 and a third connection bump 360 may beformed on the lower surface of the third semiconductor chip C3. Thethird insulating layer 350 and the third connection bump 360 may havetechnical features substantially similar to those of the secondinsulating layer 250 and the second connection bump 260.

Since the first insulating layer 150 includes a material different froma material of the second insulating layer 250 and the third insulatinglayer 350, heat dissipation characteristics of a semiconductor package,in which a plurality of semiconductor chips are stacked, may be improvedand manufacturing productivity of the package may be maintained at aconstant level.

Referring to FIG. 13, an encapsulant 550 is formed on a first carriersubstrate 10 to cover the base semiconductor wafer WF and the first tothird semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3. The encapsulant 550 may beformed to cover an upper surface of each of the plurality of base chipsC0 divided into the scribe lanes SL and the side surfaces of the firstto third semiconductor chips C1, C2, and C3. An upper surface of thethird semiconductor chip C3 may be exposed from the encapsulant 550 by achemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) process. The encapsulant 550 mayinclude an epoxy mold compound (EMC). Then, the resulting structure maybe cut along the scribe lanes SL to be divided into individualsemiconductor packages.

As described above, according to example embodiments of the inventiveconcept, different types of insulating layers may be formed betweenstacked semiconductor chips. Thus, a semiconductor package havingimproved heat dissipation characteristics and improved productivity maybe provided.

While example embodiments of the inventive concept have been shown anddescribed above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art thatvarious modifications could be made in these embodiments withoutdeparting from the scope of the present inventive concept.

What is claimed is:
 1. A semiconductor package comprising: a base chip; a first semiconductor chip disposed on the base chip; a second semiconductor chip disposed on the first semiconductor chip; a first insulating layer disposed between the base chip and the first semiconductor chip; a second insulating layer disposed between the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip; a first connection bump penetrating through the first insulating layer and connecting the base chip and the first semiconductor chip to each other; and a second connection bump penetrating through the second insulating layer and connecting the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip to each other, wherein the base chip has a width greater than a width of each of the first and second semiconductor chips, and the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer include different materials from each other.
 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer is a silicon oxide layer, and the second insulating layer is a non-conductive film (NCF).
 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer has a side surface coplanar with a side surface of the first semiconductor chip, and the second insulating layer has a side surface protruding further outwardly than the side surface of the first semiconductor chip and a side surface of the second semiconductor chip.
 4. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor chip has the same width as the second semiconductor chip.
 5. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the base chip includes a base body, a base upper connection pad disposed on an upper surface of the base body, and a base through-electrode penetrating through the base body and connected to the base upper connection pad, the first semiconductor chip includes a first chip body, a first lower connection pad and a first upper connection pad, respectively disposed on a lower surface and an upper surface of the first chip body, and a first through-electrode penetrating through the first chip body and connecting the first lower connection pad and the first upper connection pad to each other, the second semiconductor chip includes a second chip body, a second lower connection pad and a second upper connection pad, respectively disposed on a lower surface and an upper surface of the second chip body, and a second through-electrode penetrating through the second chip body and connecting the second lower connection pad and the second upper connection pad to each other, the first connection bump connects the base upper connection pad and the first lower connection pad to each other, and the second connection bump connects the first upper connection pad and the second lower connection pad to each other.
 6. The semiconductor package of claim 5, further comprising at least one other base upper connection pad such that a plurality of base upper connection pads spaced apart from each other are present in the base chip, and at least one other first lower connection pad such that a plurality of first lower connection pads spaced apart from each other are present in the first semiconductor chip, further comprising at least one other first connection bump such that a plurality of first connection bumps are present in the first insulating layer, respectively corresponding to the plurality of base upper connection pads and the plurality of first lower connection pads, and wherein a pitch between the plurality of first connection bumps is 10 micrometers or less.
 7. The semiconductor package of claim 5, wherein the lower surface of the first chip body is coplanar with a lower surface of the first lower connection pad, the upper surface of the first chip body is coplanar with an upper surface of the first upper connection pad, the lower surface of the second chip body is coplanar with a lower surface of the second lower connection pad, and the upper surface of the second chip body is coplanar with an upper surface of the second upper connection pad.
 8. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising at least one other first semiconductor chip such that a plurality of first semiconductor chips are stacked on top of each other in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the base chip, further comprising at least one other second semiconductor chip such that a plurality of second semiconductor chips are stacked on top of each other in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the first semiconductor chip, the first insulating layer further includes one or more first insulating layers, each being disposed between the plurality of first semiconductor chips, the second insulating layer further includes one or more second insulating layers, each being disposed between the plurality of second semiconductor chips, and the number of the plurality of first semiconductor chips is smaller than the number of the plurality of second semiconductor chips.
 9. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer has the same width as the first semiconductor chip, and the second insulating layer has a width greater than a width of the first semiconductor chip.
 10. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first connection bump includes a conductive pillar, and the second connection bump includes a solder ball.
 11. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising: an encapsulant covering an upper surface of the base chip and side surfaces of each of the first and second semiconductor chips.
 12. The semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein the encapsulant has a side surface coplanar with a side surface of the base chip.
 13. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising: a third semiconductor chip disposed on the second semiconductor chip; a third insulating layer disposed between the second semiconductor chip and the third semiconductor chip; and a third connection bump penetrating through the third insulating layer and connecting the second semiconductor chip and the third semiconductor chip to each other.
 14. The semiconductor package of claim 13, further comprising: an encapsulant covering an upper surface of the base chip and side surfaces of each of the second and third semiconductor chips.
 15. The semiconductor package of claim 14, wherein the third semiconductor chip has an upper surface exposed via an opening in the encapsulant.
 16. A semiconductor package comprising: a base chip; a first semiconductor chip disposed on the base chip; a plurality of second semiconductor chips stacked on top of each other on the first semiconductor chip in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the first semiconductor chip; a first insulating layer between the base chip and the first semiconductor chip; a plurality of second insulating layers on a lower surface of each of the plurality of second semiconductor chips; a first connection bump penetrating through the first insulating layer and electrically connecting the base chip and the first semiconductor chip to each other; and a plurality of second connection bumps, respectively penetrating through the plurality of second insulating layers, and electrically connecting the first semiconductor chip and the plurality of second semiconductor chips to each other, wherein the first insulating layer has the same width as the first semiconductor chip, wherein each of the plurality of second insulating layers has a width greater than the width of the first semiconductor chip, and wherein the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer include different materials from each other.
 17. The semiconductor package of claim 16, further comprising: a third semiconductor chip disposed on an uppermost second semiconductor chip among the plurality of second semiconductor chips; a third insulating layer disposed between the uppermost second semiconductor chip and the third semiconductor chip; and a third connection bump penetrating through the third insulating layer and electrically connecting the plurality of second semiconductor chips and the third semiconductor chip.
 18. The semiconductor package of claim 17, wherein the first insulating layer is a silicon oxide layer, and the second insulating layer and the third insulating layer are non-conductive films.
 19. The semiconductor package of claim 17, wherein each of the first connection bump, the second connection bump, and the third connection bump includes a conductive pillar.
 20. A semiconductor package comprising: a base chip including a base body, a base upper connection pad disposed on an upper surface of the base body, and a base through-electrode penetrating through the base body and connected to the base upper connection pad; a plurality of first semiconductor chips, disposed on the base chip, each including a first chip body, a first lower connection pad and a first upper connection pad, respectively disposed on a lower surface and an upper surface of each first chip body, and a first through-electrode penetrating through the first chip body and connecting the first lower connection pad and the first upper connection pad to each other, the plurality of first semiconductor chips being stacked on top of each other in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the base chip; a plurality of second semiconductor chips, disposed on the plurality of first semiconductor chips, each including a second chip body, a second lower connection pad and a second upper connection pad, respectively disposed on a lower surface and an upper surface of the second chip body, and a second through-electrode penetrating through the second chip body and connecting the second lower connection pad and the second upper connection pad to each other, the plurality of second semiconductor chips being stacked on top of each other in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the first semiconductor chip; a plurality of first insulating layers disposed on a lower surface of each of the plurality of first semiconductor chips; a plurality of second insulating layers disposed on a lower surface of each of the plurality of second semiconductor chips; a plurality of first connection bumps, respectively penetrating through the plurality of first insulating layers, and connecting the first lower connection pad to the base upper connection pad or the first upper connection pad; and a plurality of second connection bumps, respectively penetrating through the plurality of second insulating layers, and connecting the second lower connection pad to the first upper connection pad or the second upper connection pad, wherein the number of the plurality of first semiconductor chips is smaller than the number of the plurality of second semiconductor chips, and the plurality of first insulating layers and the plurality of second insulating layers include different materials from each other. 